Propylene Oxide
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Category:
Specialty Chemicals
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Product Profile
1. Chemical Structure and Properties
Molecular Formula: C₃H₆O
Structural Formula: CH₃CHCH₂O — A three-membered epoxide ring with a methyl substituent.
Physical Properties:
Appearance: Colorless, volatile liquid
Boiling Point: 34–35°C
Density: 0.832 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Miscible with most organic solvents; slightly soluble in water
Chemical Properties:
Highly reactive epoxide due to ring strain
Undergoes ring-opening reactions with acids, bases, and nucleophiles
Flammable and reactive with oxidizers
2. Industrial Applications
Polyether Polyols Production: Key intermediate in polyurethane manufacturing
Surface Coatings & Adhesives: Used in epoxy resins and specialty coatings
Solvent & Chemical Intermediate: Produces propylene glycol, glycols, and glycol ethers
Pharmaceuticals & Agrochemicals: Serves as an intermediate in certain drug and pesticide syntheses
3. Safety and Toxicology
Health Hazards:
Inhalation: Irritates respiratory tract; may cause headaches, dizziness
Skin/Eye Contact: Causes irritation and redness
Chronic Exposure: Potential carcinogenic effects (classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans, IARC Group 2B)
Fire & Explosion: Highly flammable; vapors may form explosive mixtures with air
Protective Measures: Use appropriate PPE, including gloves, goggles, and respirators; ensure proper ventilation
4. Environmental and Regulatory Considerations
Environmental Impact:
Volatile; can contribute to atmospheric pollution
Avoid release into water and soil
Regulatory Compliance:
Registered under EU REACH and listed on US TSCA inventory
Transport: UN 1280, Class 3 (flammable liquid), Packing Group I
5. Case Studies and Application Insights
Polyurethane Production: Propylene oxide reacts with polyols to form high-performance polyurethanes used in foams, elastomers, and coatings
Epoxy Resin Synthesis: Acts as a reactive intermediate improving resin flexibility and adhesion properties
Alternative Comparison: Compared to ethylene oxide, propylene oxide produces more hydrophobic polyols, making it preferred for certain coatings and adhesives applications