Tetrahydrofuran
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Category:
Specialty Chemicals
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Product Profile
1. Chemical Structure and Properties
Molecular Formula: C₄H₈O
Structural Formula: (CH₂)₄O — A five-membered cyclic ether with one oxygen atom in the ring.
Physical Properties:
Appearance: Colorless, water-miscible liquid
Boiling Point: 66°C
Density: 0.889 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Fully miscible with water, ethanol, and most organic solvents
Chemical Properties:
Polar aprotic solvent with good solvating ability
Can form peroxides upon prolonged exposure to air
Stable under normal conditions but highly flammable
2. Industrial Applications
Polymer Industry: Widely used as a solvent in the production of PVC, PTFE, and other polymers
Pharmaceuticals: Acts as a solvent and reaction medium in organic synthesis
Chemical Synthesis: Used in Grignard reactions and other organometallic processes
Adhesives and Coatings: Serves as a carrier solvent for resins and coatings
3. Safety and Toxicology
Health Hazards:
Inhalation may cause dizziness, headache, or respiratory irritation
Skin contact can cause dryness or irritation
Ingestion may be harmful
Fire & Explosion:
Highly flammable; forms explosive peroxides if stored improperly
Flash point: -17°C; autoignition temperature: 321°C
Protective Measures:
Use with adequate ventilation and flame-proof equipment
Wear chemical-resistant gloves and goggles
Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas away from oxidizers
4. Environmental and Regulatory Considerations
Environmental Impact: Readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions; avoid release into waterways
Regulatory Compliance: Listed under REACH (EU) and TSCA (USA)
Transport: UN 2054, Class 3 (flammable liquid), Packing Group II
5. Case Studies: Application Insights
Polymer Processing: THF is used as a solvent to dissolve PVC resins for coatings and films
Pharmaceutical Production: Serves as a medium for key reactions in drug intermediates synthesis
Safety Implementation: Industrial facilities incorporate peroxide inhibitors and closed systems to reduce explosion risk