Methyl Formate
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Category:
Specialty Chemicals
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Product Profile
1. Chemical Structure and Properties
Molecular Formula: HCOOCH₃
Structural Formula: H–COO–CH₃ — A simple ester with a formyl group attached to a methyl group.
Physical Properties:
Appearance: Colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic ether-like odor
Boiling Point: 31–32°C
Density: 0.917 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Miscible with most organic solvents; slightly soluble in water
Chemical Properties:
Highly flammable and volatile
Can undergo hydrolysis in the presence of water or acidic/basic conditions to yield methanol and formic acid
Acts as a reactive intermediate in chemical synthesis
2. Industrial Applications
Solvent: Used as a fast-evaporating solvent in coatings, adhesives, and inks
Chemical Intermediate: Precursor for formamide, formic acid derivatives, and pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Chemicals: Intermediate in the synthesis of pesticides and herbicides
Fragrance & Flavor Industry: Occasionally used as a minor component in aroma formulations
3. Safety and Toxicology
Health Hazards:
Inhalation can cause dizziness, nausea, or respiratory irritation
Skin or eye contact may cause irritation
Flammability: Extremely flammable; keep away from sparks and open flames
Protective Measures: Use gloves, goggles, and ensure proper ventilation; store in a cool, dry place away from oxidizers
4. Environmental and Regulatory Considerations
Environmental Impact: Volatile and readily biodegradable; avoid large releases into waterways
Regulatory Compliance: Listed under REACH (EU) and TSCA (USA) regulations; classified as flammable liquid, hazard category 2
Transport: UN 2921, Class 3 (flammable liquid), Packing Group II
5. Case Studies and Application Insights
Coatings & Paints: Used as a solvent for quick-drying coatings, improving surface smoothness and evaporation rate
Chemical Synthesis: Acts as a reactive intermediate for producing formic acid derivatives efficiently
Agriculture: Incorporated into pesticide synthesis pathways to enhance chemical stability and performance