1. Chemical Structure and Properties

        ·        Chemical Name: Mono-n-Propylamine (MNPA)

        ·        Synonyms: 1-Aminopropane, n-Propylamine

        ·        CAS No.: 107-10-8

        ·        Molecular Formula: C₃H₉N

        ·        Molecular Weight: 59.11 g/mol

        ·        Appearance: Colorless, transparent liquid

        ·        Odor: Strong, ammonia-like odor

        ·        Boiling Point: ~48–49 °C

        ·        Melting Point: –83 °C

        ·        Density (20 °C): 0.72 g/cm³

        ·        Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, and ether

        ·        Reactivity: Flammable, volatile, reacts readily with acids to form salts; may form explosive mixtures with air

2. Industrial Applications

        ·        Agrochemicals: Intermediate in herbicides, fungicides, and plant growth regulators

        ·        Pharmaceuticals: Used as building block for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)

        ·        Rubber & Polymers: Vulcanization accelerator and polymerization catalyst

        ·        Textile & Leather: Auxiliary agent and pH adjuster in dyeing and finishing

        ·        Water Treatment: Component in corrosion inhibitors and flocculation aids

        ·        Chemical Intermediates: Precursor for n-propylamine derivatives, surfactants, and quaternary ammonium salts

3. Safety and Toxicology

Hazards:

        ·        Skin: Causes severe burns and irritation

        ·        Eyes: Causes serious eye damage

        ·        Inhalation: Vapors irritate respiratory tract; high concentrations may cause pulmonary edema

        ·        Ingestion: Harmful, risk of burns to mouth and gastrointestinal tract

        Toxicity:

        ·        Oral LD₅₀ (rat): ~260 mg/kg

        ·        Dermal LD₅₀ (rabbit): ~820 mg/kg

        ·        Inhalation LC₅₀ (rat, 4h): ~4,000 ppm

        Flammability: Highly flammable liquid and vapor (Flash point: –20 °C, Closed cup)

        PPE: Chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, face shield, protective clothing, and respiratory protection; ensure good ventilation

4. Storage and Handling

        ·        Storage: Keep in tightly sealed containers, stored in cool, dry, and well-ventilated area; away from heat, sparks, and open flames

        ·        Packaging: Typically supplied in steel drums, IBC tanks, or bulk tankers

        ·        Handling: Avoid inhalation of vapors; use explosion-proof equipment; ensure grounding/bonding during transfer

        ·        Shelf Life: Stable under recommended conditions, but sensitive to moisture and CO₂

5. Environmental and Regulatory Compliance

Environmental Impact:

        ·        Toxic to aquatic organisms; potential for environmental damage if released

        ·        Readily biodegradable, but volatile and may contribute to air pollution

        Regulations:

        ·        EU CLP: Flam. Liq. 2 (H225), Acute Tox. 3 (H301, H311, H331), Skin Corr. 1B (H314)

        ·        OSHA (USA): Classified as hazardous chemical

        ·        China GB 13690-2009: Classified as flammable and corrosive substance

        Transport:

        ·        UN No.: 1277

        ·        Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid), with additional corrosive risk

        ·        Packing Group: I (high danger)