1. Chemical Structure and Properties

        ·        Chemical Name: Di-n-Propylamine (DNPA)

        ·        Synonyms: N-Propyl-1-propanamine, Dipropylamine

        ·        CAS No.: 142-84-7

        ·        Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₅N

        ·        Molecular Weight: 101.19 g/mol

        ·        Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid

        ·        Odor: Strong, ammonia/fishy odor

        ·        Boiling Point: ~110–111 °C

        ·        Melting Point: –60 °C

        ·        Density (20 °C): ~0.72 g/cm³

        ·        Vapor Pressure (25 °C): ~24 mmHg

        ·        Solubility: Miscible with alcohol, ether; slightly soluble in water (~4 g/100 g water at 20 °C)

        ·        Reactivity: Flammable, volatile, forms salts with acids; can undergo acylation, alkylation, and nitrosation reactions

2. Industrial Applications

        ·        Agrochemicals: Intermediate in the synthesis of herbicides and pesticides

        ·        Pharmaceuticals: Raw material for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and intermediates

        ·        Rubber & Polymers: Used as an accelerator and stabilizer

        ·        Corrosion Inhibition: Component in corrosion inhibitors for oilfield and industrial systems

        ·        Specialty Chemicals: Intermediate for amides, surfactants, and quaternary ammonium compounds

        ·        Catalysts & Solvents: Used in organic synthesis and as a process solvent

3. Safety and Toxicology

Hazards:

        ·        Skin: Causes irritation and possible burns

        ·        Eyes: Causes severe irritation and potential eye damage

        ·        Inhalation: Vapors may cause respiratory irritation, dizziness, headache

        ·        Ingestion: Harmful, corrosive to gastrointestinal tract

        Toxicity (approximate literature values):

        ·        Oral LD₅₀ (rat): ~820 mg/kg

        ·        Dermal LD₅₀ (rabbit): >500 mg/kg

        ·        Inhalation LC₅₀ (rat, 4h): ~4,000 ppm

        Flammability: Flammable liquid and vapor (Flash point: ~21–23 °C, Closed cup)

        PPE: Chemical-resistant gloves, protective goggles, clothing, and respiratory protection; use only in well-ventilated areas

4. Storage and Handling

        ·        Storage: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and flames; keep containers tightly closed

        ·        Packaging: Usually supplied in steel drums, IBC tanks, or bulk tankers

        ·        Handling: Avoid inhalation and contact with skin/eyes; use explosion-proof equipment; ensure proper grounding/bonding when transferring

        ·        Shelf Life: Stable under recommended storage conditions

5. Environmental and Regulatory Compliance

Environmental Impact:

        ·        Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects

        ·        Readily biodegradable, but volatile and may contribute to air pollution

        Regulations:

        ·        EU CLP: Flam. Liq. 3 (H226), Acute Tox. 4 (H302, H312, H332), Skin Irrit. 2 (H315), Eye Irrit. 2 (H319)

        ·        OSHA (USA): Listed as hazardous substance

        ·        China GB 13690-2009: Classified as flammable and corrosive liquid

        Transport:

        ·        UN No.: 2383

        ·        Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid), with acute toxicity and corrosive risks

        ·        Packing Group: II (medium danger)