1. Chemical Structure and Properties

• Chemical Name: Tri-n-propylamine (TNPA)

• Synonyms: TPA, N,N-Dipropyl-1-propanamine

• CAS No.: 102-69-2

• Molecular Formula: C₉H₂₁N

• Molecular Weight: 143.27 g/mol

• Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid

• Odor: Fishy, amine-like odor

• Boiling Point: ~156–158 °C

• Melting Point: –70 °C

• Density (20 °C): ~0.76 g/cm³

• Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; miscible with alcohols, ethers, hydrocarbons

• Reactivity: Basic tertiary amine; forms salts with acids; reacts with oxidizing agents

2. Industrial Applications

• Catalyst/Intermediate: Used in organic synthesis and as a catalyst in chemical reactions

• Pharmaceuticals: Intermediate in the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)

• Agrochemicals: Raw material for the synthesis of pesticides and herbicides

• Corrosion Inhibitors: Component in oilfield and industrial corrosion protection formulations

• Surfactants: Precursor for quaternary ammonium compounds and specialty surfactants

• Solvent/Processing Aid: Utilized in coatings, resins, and polymer chemistry

3. Safety and Toxicology

    Hazards:

• Skin: May cause irritation and dermatitis on prolonged contact

• Eyes: Causes irritation, risk of serious damage

• Inhalation: Vapors may cause respiratory irritation, dizziness, or nausea

• Ingestion: Harmful if swallowed, risk of burns to mouth and gastrointestinal tract

    Toxicity:

• Oral LD₅₀ (rat): ~1,100 mg/kg

• Dermal LD₅₀ (rabbit): >2,000 mg/kg

• Inhalation LC₅₀ (rat, 4h): ~3,000 ppm

    Flammability: Flammable liquid and vapor (Flash point: ~33 °C, Closed cup)
PPE: Use gloves, goggles, protective clothing; ensure proper ventilation and avoid open flames

4. Storage and Handling

• Storage: Keep in tightly sealed containers, in a cool, dry, and ventilated area; away from heat, sparks, and oxidizing agents

• Packaging: Supplied in steel drums, IBCs, or bulk tankers

• Handling: Use explosion-proof equipment, grounding/bonding during transfer; avoid inhalation of vapors

• Shelf Life: Stable under recommended storage conditions

5. Environmental and Regulatory Compliance

    Environmental Impact:

• Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects

• Volatile organic compound (VOC); may contribute to air pollution

• Limited biodegradability

    Regulations:

• EU CLP: Flam. Liq. 3 (H226), Acute Tox. 4 (H302), Eye Irrit. 2 (H319), Aquatic Chronic 2 (H411)

• OSHA (USA): Classified as hazardous chemical

• China GB 13690-2009: Flammable and irritant substance

    Transport:

• UN No.: 2414

• Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid)

• Packing Group: III