Dicyandiamide
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Category:
Amine Derivatives
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Product Profile
1. Chemical Structure and Properties
Molecular Formula: C₂H₄N₄
Structural Formula: H₂NC(=NH)–C(=NH)NH₂ — Dicyandiamide is a small organic compound containing two cyanamide groups.
Physical Properties:
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Melting Point: 209–211°C (decomposes)
Density: ~1.52 g/cm³
Solubility: Soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohols
Chemical Properties:
Acts as a reactive nitrogen source and can undergo condensation reactions with aldehydes, ketones, and resins
Stable under normal conditions, decomposes at high temperatures
Non-volatile and low flammability
2. Industrial Applications
Resin Hardener:
Widely used as a curing agent for epoxy and melamine-formaldehyde resins, enhancing thermal and mechanical properties.Fertilizer Production:
Serves as a slow-release nitrogen source in controlled-release fertilizers.Water Treatment:
Functions as a stabilizer in boiler water treatment to prevent corrosion.Chemical Intermediate:
Used in the synthesis of guanidine derivatives and other specialty chemicals.
3. Safety and Toxicology
Health Hazards:
May cause irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact or inhalation
Low acute toxicity, but prolonged exposure should be avoided
Fire & Explosion Risk:
Non-flammable under normal conditions
Decomposes at high temperatures releasing toxic gases
Protective Measures:
Wear gloves, goggles, and dust masks
Ensure good ventilation in handling areas
4. Environmental and Regulatory Considerations
Environmental Impact:
Biodegradable under aerobic conditions
Avoid discharge into waterways to prevent aquatic toxicity
Regulatory Compliance:
Listed under relevant EU and US chemical inventories
Transport: UN 1380, Class 8 (corrosive substances), Packing Group III
5. Case Studies: Application Insights
Epoxy Resin Hardening:
DCD is used in high-performance coatings and adhesives, improving thermal stability and hardness.Agricultural Use:
In slow-release fertilizers, DCD reduces nitrogen loss and enhances crop yield.Water Treatment Applications:
Helps maintain boiler efficiency and prolong equipment lifespan by inhibiting corrosion.