Isopropanolamine (IPA)
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Category:
Aliphatic Amines
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Product Profile
1. Chemical Structure and Properties
Molecular Formula: C₃H₉NO
Structural Formula: (CH₃)₂CHNH₂OH — Isopropanolamine is a secondary amine with an isopropyl group and a hydroxyl group attached to the nitrogen atom.
Physical Properties:
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid
Boiling Point: Approx. 210°C
Density: 0.92 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, and many organic solvents
Chemical Properties:
Weakly basic amine with both amino and hydroxyl functional groups
Exhibits both nucleophilic and amphiphilic behavior
Stable under normal conditions, decomposes at high temperature
2. Industrial Applications
Gas Treatment:
Widely used as an absorbent for acidic gases such as CO₂ and H₂S in natural gas and refinery industries
Corrosion Inhibition:
Functions as a corrosion inhibitor in industrial cooling systems and metalworking fluids
Chemical Intermediate:
Key raw material in manufacture of surfactants, emulsifiers, and pharmaceutical intermediates
Agriculture:
Utilized in pesticide formulations and herbicides as a pH adjuster and active ingredient carrier
3. Safety and Toxicology
Health Hazards:
May cause irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract
Prolonged exposure can cause dermatitis
Low acute toxicity but safe handling procedures are recommended
Fire & Explosion:
Not highly flammable but can emit toxic fumes on combustion
Keep away from strong oxidizers and sources of ignition
Protective Measures:
Use appropriate PPE including gloves, goggles, and ventilation
In case of contact, rinse thoroughly and seek medical attention if necessary
4. Environmental and Regulatory Considerations
Environmental Impact:
Biodegradable under aerobic conditions
Low bioaccumulation potential
Avoid release into waterways to prevent aquatic toxicity
Regulatory Compliance:
Registered under EU REACH
Listed on US TSCA inventory
Transport: UN 2735, Class 8 (corrosive), Packing Group III
5. Case Studies: Application Insights
Gas Purification:
Employed in acid gas removal units to improve gas quality and reduce emissions
Corrosion Control:
Used in cooling towers to prevent metal corrosion, extending equipment lifespan
Pharmaceutical Synthesis:
Serves as a building block for various drug intermediates, enhancing reaction selectivity