Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂)

   CAS No.: 7722-84-1
   Synonyms / IUPAC Name: Hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂
   Molecular Formula: H₂O₂
   Molecular Weight: 34.01 g/mol
   Appearance: Clear, colorless to slightly blue aqueous solution
   Odor: Very faint, sharp odor

Physicochemical Properties (Typical)

• Density (pure): ~1.45 g/cm³ at 20 °C
• Melting / Freezing Point: ~−0.43 °C (pure)
• Boiling Point: 150.2 °C (pure)
• Solubility: Miscible with water in all proportions
• Vapour Pressure: Low for typical aqueous solutions; higher for pure peroxide
• Oxidising Property: Strong oxidiser; may intensify fire with combustible materials
• Stability: Decomposes into water and oxygen, especially when heated or in presence of catalysts

Purity & Quality Standards

• Concentration: Industrial grades ~27%, ~32–35%, and higher (~50–70%) solutions
• Appearance: Clear liquid, free from visible impurities or particulates
• Analytical Methods: Titration (permanganate or iodometric), spectroscopy; peroxide content and stabiliser levels controlled
• Documentation: Certificate of Analysis (COA) and Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provided per batch

Applications / Uses

• Bleaching agent in textile, paper, and pulp industries
• Oxidiser in chemical synthesis, wastewater treatment, disinfectants, and sterilisation
• Cleaning, etching, and surface processing in electronics and metallurgy
• Intermediate or reagent for environmental and industrial applications requiring strong oxidising action

Safety & Handling

• Classification: Oxidising liquid; may enhance fire of other materials
• Health Hazards:
• Eye Contact: Causes serious damage
• Skin Contact: May cause irritation or oxidation damage
• Inhalation: Vapours or aerosols may irritate respiratory tract
• Ingestion: Harmful; may cause internal damage
• Precautions:
• Use in well-ventilated area; avoid contact with combustible or reducing materials
• Wear chemical-resistant gloves, eye/face protection, and protective clothing
• Keep containers away from heat, sparks, open flame, and metal contaminants
• Reactivity / Incompatibilities: Catalysed decomposition by metals, strong bases/acids, or organic matter; mixing with combustible materials may lead to fire or explosion
• First Aid Measures:
• Inhalation: Move to fresh air; keep at rest; seek medical attention if symptoms persist
• Skin Contact: Rinse thoroughly with water; remove contaminated clothing
• Eye Contact: Rinse with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present; seek medical attention
• Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention

Packaging & Storage

• Packaging: Containers compatible with oxidising liquids (e.g., lined drums, HDPE jerrycans)
• Storage Conditions: Cool, dry, well-ventilated area; away from sunlight, heat, and combustible materials
• Container Closure: Keep tightly closed; minimise exposure to contamination or decomposition catalysts
• Shelf Life: Typically 12–24 months under recommended conditions; depends on stabiliser content and storage environment