Ethanol
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Category:
Specialty Chemicals
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China Amines Co
Product Profile
1. Chemical Structure and Properties
Molecular Formula: C₂H₆O
Structural Formula: CH₃CH₂OH — A primary alcohol with a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group attached to an ethyl chain.
Physical Properties:
Appearance: Colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic alcohol odor
Boiling Point: 78.37°C
Density: 0.789 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Miscible with water, ether, acetone, and many organic solvents
Chemical Properties:
Acts as a polar protic solvent and a mild reducing agent
Combustible liquid, reacts with strong oxidizers
Can undergo esterification, dehydration, and oxidation reactions
2. Industrial Applications
Solvent: Widely used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, coatings, and chemical syntheses
Fuel and Fuel Additive: Used in bioethanol blends for gasoline engines
Disinfectant and Antiseptic: Common ingredient in hand sanitizers and medical wipes
Chemical Intermediate: Raw material for producing ethyl acetate, acetic acid, and other organic compounds
Beverage Industry: Fermented to produce alcoholic drinks
3. Safety and Toxicology
Health Hazards:
Inhalation: May cause dizziness, headache, and respiratory irritation
Skin/Eye Contact: Can cause mild irritation on prolonged exposure
Ingestion: Toxic in high doses; excessive consumption may affect the liver and CNS
Fire & Explosion Risk:
Highly flammable; flash point 12°C (closed cup)
Keep away from sparks, open flames, and oxidizing agents
Protective Measures:
Use gloves, goggles, and proper ventilation
In case of contact, rinse with plenty of water; in case of ingestion, seek medical attention
4. Environmental and Regulatory Considerations
Environmental Impact:
Biodegradable under aerobic conditions
Low bioaccumulation potential
Avoid release into waterways in large quantities
Regulatory Compliance:
EU REACH registered
Listed on US TSCA inventory
Transportation: UN 1170, Class 3 flammable liquid, Packing Group II
5. Case Studies and Application Insights
Pharmaceutical Industry: Used as a solvent for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), ensuring purity and stability
Biofuel Production: Blended into gasoline to reduce carbon emissions and improve octane rating
Sanitization: Effective as a 70% solution in killing bacteria and viruses on surfaces
Comparative Analysis: Compared to other alcohols (methanol, isopropanol), ethanol is safer for human contact and edible applications