1. Chemical Structure and Properties

Molecular Formula: C6H15NO2

Structural Formula: (CH3)2CHOH–CH2–NH–CH2–CH(OH)CH3

Physical Properties:

• Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid

• Boiling Point: Approximately 215-220°C (at 760 mmHg)

• Density: About 0.97 g/cm³ at 20°C

• Solubility: Miscible with water, alcohols, and many organic solvents

Chemical Properties:

• Acts as a tertiary amine with two hydroxyl groups, offering both basicity and polarity

• Can neutralize acids and act as a buffering agent

• Stable under normal conditions but reactive with strong oxidizers

• Flash point: Around 100°C (closed cup) — combustible but less volatile than low molecular weight amines

  
  

2. Industrial Applications

Neutralizing Agent:

• Widely used in gas treatment processes, especially for removing acidic gases like CO2 and H2S in natural gas and refinery industries.

Corrosion Inhibitor:

• Added to boiler water and cooling systems to prevent corrosion by neutralizing acidic impurities.

Chemical Intermediate:

• Used as an intermediate in manufacturing emulsifiers, surfactants, and other specialty chemicals.

Textile and Leather Processing:

• Acts as a buffering agent and pH adjuster in textile dyeing and leather processing industries.

Agriculture:

• Used in the production of herbicides and pesticides formulations.

  
  

3. Safety and Toxicology

Health Hazards:

• Skin/Eye Contact: May cause irritation or allergic reactions; prolonged exposure can cause dermatitis.

• Inhalation: Vapors or mists can irritate the respiratory tract.

• Ingestion: Harmful if swallowed; may cause nausea or gastrointestinal upset.

Fire & Explosion Risk:

• Combustible liquid; avoid open flames and sources of ignition.

Protective Measures:

• Use nitrile gloves, chemical-resistant goggles, and appropriate respiratory protection when handling.

• In case of contact, rinse thoroughly with water and seek medical advice if irritation persists.

  
  

4. Environmental and Regulatory Considerations

Environmental Impact:

• Biodegradable under aerobic conditions, reducing long-term environmental risk.

• Toxicity to aquatic life is moderate; avoid release into waterways.

Regulatory Compliance:

• Registered under REACH in the EU and listed on TSCA in the USA.

• Classified for transport as UN 2924, Class 8 (corrosive substances), Packing Group III.

  
  

5. Case Studies: Application Insights

Gas Sweetening:

• Successfully employed in natural gas processing plants to capture CO2 and H2S, improving fuel quality and reducing emissions.

Corrosion Control:

• Incorporated in boiler water treatment at power plants, leading to prolonged equipment life and reduced maintenance costs.

Comparison with Alternatives:

• Compared to monoethanolamine (MEA), DIPA offers lower volatility and better thermal stability, making it favorable in harsh industrial environments.

• Offers a balance between performance and safety, especially in corrosion inhibition.