1. Chemical Structure and Properties

Molecular Formula: C₁₈H₃₇NH₂
Structural Formula: CH₃(CH₂)₁₆CH₂NH₂ – A primary aliphatic amine with a long-chain stearyl group attached to an amino functional group.

Physical Properties:

• Appearance: White to pale yellow waxy solid or flakes

• Melting Point: 50–54°C

• Boiling Point: ~360°C (decomposes)

• Density: 0.85 g/cm³ at 20°C

• Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in alcohols, chloroform, and other organic solvents

Chemical Properties:

• Acts as a strong base due to the primary amine group

• Reacts with acids to form ammonium salts

• Can participate in alkylation, acylation, and condensation reactions

• Stable under normal conditions but flammable in high concentrations

  
  

2. Industrial Applications

Surfactants and Detergents:

• Used as a raw material for cationic surfactants in fabric softeners, hair conditioners, and emulsifiers

Corrosion Inhibitors:

• Added to metalworking fluids and lubricants to prevent corrosion of steel and other metals

Textile and Leather Processing:

• Acts as a softening agent and emulsifier in textile finishing and leather treatment

Chemical Intermediate:

• Used in synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds and specialty chemicals

  
  

3. Safety and Toxicology

Health Hazards:

• Skin Contact: Can cause irritation or allergic dermatitis

• Eye Contact: Causes irritation

• Inhalation: Dust or vapors may irritate respiratory tract

Fire & Explosion Risk:

• Flammable solid; avoid ignition sources

• Emits toxic fumes upon combustion

Protective Measures:

• Wear protective gloves, goggles, and dust masks

• Ensure proper ventilation in working areas

• In case of contact, rinse thoroughly with water and seek medical attention if irritation persists

  
  

4. Environmental and Regulatory Considerations

Environmental Impact:

• Biodegradable in aerobic conditions

• Avoid release into water to prevent aquatic toxicity

Regulatory Compliance:

• Listed under EU REACH and US TSCA regulations

• Transport: UN 1325, Class 8 (corrosive), Packing Group III

  
  

5. Case Studies and Application Insights

Cationic Surfactant Production:

• Stearylamine reacts with quaternizing agents to produce cationic surfactants used in hair conditioners, improving softness and manageability

Corrosion Control in Lubricants:

• Incorporated in metalworking fluids to enhance corrosion resistance, prolonging machinery life

Textile Softening:

• Used in textile finishing for cotton and wool, improving fabric hand feel and water repellency