1. Chemical Structure and Properties

Molecular Formula: Generally CnH2n+1NH2 (n represents the carbon chain length, commonly C12-C18)

Structural Formula: Long-chain aliphatic amine, typically a straight or branched alkyl chain attached to an amino group (-NH2), such as dodecylamine

Physical Properties:

• Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow oily liquid or solid with a characteristic amine odor

• Boiling Point: Approximately 250–300°C (varies with carbon chain length)

• Density: Around 0.8–0.9 g/cm³

• Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents like alcohols and ethers

Chemical Properties:

• Contains reactive amino groups exhibiting basicity and nucleophilicity

• Forms amine salts with acids to improve water solubility

• Participates in organic reactions such as amidation and alkylation

• Flammable, requiring proper storage and handling

2. Industrial Applications

Surfactants & Detergents:

• Key raw material for surfactants used in detergents, fabric softeners, and cleaning agents.

Corrosion Inhibitors:

• Used in metalworking fluids and corrosion inhibitor formulations to protect metal surfaces.

Textile & Leather Processing:

• Functions as an additive to improve fiber softness and acts as a degreasing agent in leather manufacturing.

Agricultural Chemicals:

• Serves as an active ingredient or carrier in pesticides and herbicides.

Chemical Intermediates:

• Used in the synthesis of agrochemicals, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and plastic additives.

3. Safety and Toxicology

Health Hazards:

• Causes skin and eye irritation upon contact

• Inhalation of vapors may cause respiratory discomfort

• Ingestion may lead to gastrointestinal irritation

Fire & Explosion Risk:

• Flammable liquid and vapor; keep away from heat and open flames

Protective Measures:

• Use nitrile gloves, chemical goggles, and appropriate respiratory protection

• In case of contact, rinse thoroughly with water and seek medical attention if needed

4. Environmental and Regulatory Considerations

Environmental Impact:

• Toxic to aquatic life; avoid release into waterways

• Generally biodegradable but requires proper waste management

Regulatory Compliance:

• Classified and labeled according to regional regulations such as EU REACH and US TSCA

• Transportation must follow hazardous material guidelines

5. Case Studies: Application Insights

Detergent Formulation:

• A major cleaning product manufacturer uses fatty amines as surfactant components, improving cleaning efficiency and foam stability.

Corrosion Protection:

• Steel producers incorporate fatty amines in corrosion inhibitor blends, significantly reducing equipment corrosion and extending service life.

Agricultural Product Development:

• Agrochemical companies develop eco-friendly pesticides using fatty amine derivatives, boosting crop yields effectively.